Publikácie vydané Ekonomickým ústavom - Monographs and Scientific Edited Books

Ing. Daneš Brzica, PhD., Ing. Mária Kačírková, Ing. Filip Ostrihoň, PhD. and Ing. Jaroslav Vokoun publish their research in the book Attractiveness of country and mobility of talents: Largescale cities attract the talents. The international mobility of talents is increasing in scope and complexity and the migration experience has become a common part of life for many Slovak citizens after joining the EU. In November and December 2019, we conducted our own questionnaire survey in order to find out opinions on the attractiveness of the country and large cities from the point of view of talented people who have work experience abroad. Respondents compared the Slovak and foreign environment in which they worked. In examining the attractiveness of Bratislava, we used the survey „Quality of Life in European Cities“ mapping the experiences and opinions of the inhabitants of 83 European cities.

The subject of our research was internal and foreign migration. Internal migration responds to changes in political, economic and social conditions in the country. In terms of the migration balance, the net beneficiaries are the Bratislava and Trnava regions. The Prešov Region is the region with the longterm highest decrease in the migration balance. The Banská Bystrica Region is approaching its level. The lack of economic alternatives in declining areas is forcing residents to look for opportunities outside their home, leading to depopulation. Migration directions are influenced by the fact that Bratislava is the economic, administrative, educational and research center of Slovakia. Satisfaction with the quality of life in the city prevails among the inhabitants of the city. Analysis of the attractiveness of Bratislava and Žilina has shown that both cities have the potential to create conditions for a quality life for the inhabitants. In terms of quality of life, insufficient regulation of the territory is problematic. Part of the development related to migration has become suburbanization in the background of large and mediumsized cities, bringing positive and negative impacts on the life of a functional urban area. Adaptation to climate change aims to reduce the vulnerability of the urban environment.

In terms of functional specialization, companies in Slovakia have a high share in the global value chain in the production phase and a low share in the preproduction and postproduction phases, which reduces the demand for highly qualified workers in the field of management, research and development, design, marketing, logistics and support services. Given the existing structure of its industrial base and the low wage level, the Slovak economy creates lower demand for talented people, which is reflected in the migration of talented people abroad and the fact that immigrants with a lower level of education usually come to Slovakia. Favorable conditions for labor mobility today often lead, as has been the case in the past, to oneway mobility of talent to economically developed countries, as there are significantly better conditions for talent development. Talented people consider as the most important advantages of working abroad more opportunities for employment, quality workplaces, opportunities to gain contacts useful for the future, etc. The most significant disadvantage of working abroad is the loss of close contact with relatives and friends. The data from our questionnaire survey were used to analyze the attractiveness abroad compared to Slovakia using linear probability models and probit models. The results showed that the respondents´ decisions were consistent with classic theories of localization and mobility, with a greater emphasis on opportunities and possibilities to succeed than on the expected income maximization. The development of the process of backward (reverse) mobility stimulates creative activities associated with international cooperation, acquisition of foreign experience and their application in the home country.