Journal of Economics - Obsahy ročníkov

Activity Based Costing (ABC method) is new managerial method of costing, budgeting and accounting system, practice and technic, which represent causal relationship between creation of outputs and activities that would consume enterprise sources. Through the medium this causal relationship can try more accurately allocate costs.
Direct costs would direct allocate on individual outputs, indirect costs can through the medium multistage cost allocation base to indirect costs. Herewith try eliminate volume indirect cost expression them variability in relationship to causality origination of costs. Activity Based Costing includes these building elements: sources, activities, cost objects and drivers.

Controlling as a tool of company control subserve specified responsibilities and function like advisory, control and coordination. Controlling from time aspect can divide to strategic controlling and operative controlling. Intradepartmental controlling exercise control system by means of variance which have justification by incomplete costing. This paper deals with three main areas: determination of controlling – its main tasks and position in the system of managing; further, with evaluating time aspect of controlling, and finally, with system of the managing by deviations into interdepartmental controlling (vertical vs. horizontal structure).

The transition of special insurance funds into technical reserves is the integral part of harmonization of Slovak insurance market with the insurance market of the European Union. The creation, use and placement of technical reserves have been in concordance with the European Union Guidelines since 1996. At present there are some differences in technical reserves volume and in the portfolio structure of insurance companies.
The obtained results within the process of technical reserves creation and consistent application of allocation principles are inevitable prerequisites of further optimisation of investment activities of commercial insurance businesses.

Foreign direct investments (FDI) incoming to Slovakia are targeted into industry with medium-low technological level, namely in the amount of 55 % of total FDI inflow in Slovakia.
They bring positive effects mostly in the sphere of labour productivity. Socalled multiplication or spillover effects are also resources of this positive development.
The inflow of FDI into Slovak economy did not yet cause visibly higher acceleration of value added in the enterprises with FDI.
There are several reasons: it seems that nowadays it is more often to apply rather simpler production with low finalisation and higher rate of labour for production of components and parts.

The main goal of the article is to explain the main components of management of research and development (R & D) within the global business sector. This includes: the domains of basic and applied research; organizational structure pertaining to centralization or decentralization; management of creative teams and individuals; problems and challenges in achieving balance between short and long-term research portfolios; and the management and coordination of international R & D. The approach used assumes context of technological innovations.

The paper deals with foreign direct investments (FDI) in Lithuania. An issue of priority is to determine if inflow of foreign capital in all cases contributes sufficiently to development of national economy. Investigation of controversial impact of FDI on Lithuania is based on theories presented by concise review of the literature examining the role of FDI in transition economies. The detailed analysis of FDI directed to different sectors of Lithuanian economy let to determine cases when globalization retards economic development of host country.