Journal of Economics - Obsahy ročníkov

Presented paper is supposed to contribute to a discussion and arguments on two key methodological aspects of research attitudes towards globalisation. The first one consists in the reasoning and defining of globalisation as a qualitatively new phase of world economy development, fundamentally different from internationalisation. Globalisation is related to a transition towards a new stage of human civilisation, the result of which is its recent process connected to a sharpening of several contradictions, mostly in economic, social and ecological area. Based on this fact, I derive a need for the second methodological aspect which requires a constructive-critical approach to its exploring that will be able to create scientific foundation for overcoming of its contradictions. Keywords: internationalization, globalisation, transnational corporation, comparative advantage, contradiction of globalisation, multilevel global government JEL Classification: F20, F15, F23

The author characterises the dichotomy of economic rationality and values as it was formed in economic theory from modern times until today. The pretension of the homo oeconomicus model to universality (mainly with the occurrence of neoliberalism) raised discussions within social sciences. It has been critised also in the economy as such with attempts to find a new paradigm which would supersede the dichotomic way of thinking and respond appropriately to the calls for integration, mainly of the social and ecological dimension, which is becoming more and more urgent in the processes of globalisation. Keywords: economic rationality, social values, globalisation JEL Classification: A12, A13, A14

Joseph Stiglitz stressed the fact that in classical or neoclassical market models the key component is the assumption that the market is perfect. Buyer and seller have the same power and chance to get satisfactory price. The real market, though, is not perfect. On the one side there are subjects with privileges whereas on the other there are participants which are aggrieved. According to Stiglitz this unequal access to information as well as different positions of market participants are characteristic for the real market. His important contribution is the explanation of the fact why prices and wages can remain on non-steady levels in the long run – they are rigid. He layed out some alternative theoretical explanations of this phenomenon. He suggests to define a macroeconomic theory based on theories of imperfect competition and imperfect information. Keywords: imperfect information, information asymmetry, wage rigidity, asymmetric reactions, price rigidity JEL Classification: B22, B31

The contribution deals with the employment problem in EU countries and approaches to its solution that are based on the European Council recommendations. Unemployment in EU has been a serious problem from the global point of view, but we can also see regional differences, long term unemployment and unemployment of young people. The European development model includes economic measures based on complex social policy and employment policy. The objective of employment policy is to balance labour supply and labour demand, to provide citizens with the right to work and to utilise the labour resources effectively. The contribution evaluates results of implementing the Employment strategy in EU 15 as well as in Slovakia. Keywords: labour market, unemployment, employment policy, employment strategy, tax policy, education, globalisation JEL Classification: H20, J21

The article deals with labour force mobility within the new Europe, with an emphasis on the analysis of migration between Slovakia and Slovenia. In March 2005 there were 2,298 citizens of EU countries employed in Slovenia, and of these 1,070 were from Slovakia. The bulk of Slovak workers are employed in the construction industry. Their level of education is relatively low. The number of Slovak workers in Slovenia is increasing from month to month. The motivation for this migration is the opportunity for employment and the expectation of higher wages. For now this phenomenon of new migration has not affected the wages and employment opportunities of domestic workers. Keywords: migration, employment, unemployment, labour market, immigrant worker JEL Classification: J61

We build a Slovak sectoral dynamic partial equilibrium econometric model based on EU GOLD model. It is used to analyze the development of the Slovak agricultural markets after EU accession. Simulation results for cereals, oilseeds and meats are provided in this article. Two scenarios are analyzed: non-accession baseline and accession with adoption of single area payment scheme. EU accession is expected to increase prices of most products, the biggest increase of prices will occur in animal sector. Because of higher prices consumption will go down. Decrease of consumption will be mitigated by income growth. Production will not increase substantially due to decoupling of direct payments. Trade balance for majority of products will improve. Keywords: single area payment scheme, EU enlargement, Common Agricultural Policy, dynamic econometric model, commodity model JEL Classification: Q11, Q18

The article defines rural areas in Slovakia and quantifies the size of the tools of the structural policy (Community Support Framework for the Aim 1-CSF) for the development of rural areas of Slovakia. From the whole planned size CSF, approximately one half is allocated for rural development. The whole Sectoral Operational Programme (SOP) Agriculture and Rural Development and selective measures from another SOP is incorporated into this amount. Instruments determined to human resources development in the rural areas in the whole scope of CSF were 2,6 % of the total CSF for the Aim 1. Keywords: rural areas, community support framework, sectoral operational programme, rural development plan, quantification impacts structural politics on the rural development, human sources JEL Classification: R11, J23