Journal of Economics - Obsahy ročníkov

Basel committee for banking supervision, as the body coordinating the cooperation among institutions of banking supervision in different countries, contributed to a large extend to the creation of the international mechanism of the regulation and supervision over the banking activities, which is generally accepted. Important development trends in the area of banking supervision are represented by the Basel Capital Accord (1988), but especially by the prepared concept New Basel Capital Accord (Basel II), which newly codifies the method of quantification of risks, on the basis of which the capital requirements are set. In EU countries this concept will be translated into the new EU regulation on capital adequacy, which in the framework of harmonization will have to be taken into account in the legislation of the Slovak Republic (as well as of other accessing countries).

In the economic theory several preconditions for successful inflation targe-ting have been identified. In the contribution we consider such as reasonably low inflation in comparison with other inflation targeting countries, public support for price stability, clearly defined objective of achieving price stability, suffi-ciently independent central bank, absence of fiscal dominance, development of financial markets, well-developed money market, and capacity of the central bank to model and forecast inflation. In the second part we try to identify main determinants, which influence the Slovak core inflation. Models included in con-tribution show that Slovak core inflation has a strong inert character and it is influenced mainly by development of the exchange rate.

This article deals with a role of bonds in the process of ownership restructuring. Firstly, a definition of bonds is discussed. Secondly, types, advantages, disadvantages and risks of corporate bonds are explained. Attention is also paid to a field of corporate restructuring. Alternative views of a term corporate restructuring are presented. Afterwards reasons for restructuring are mentioned and consequently two main types of restructuring, negative and positive, are differentiated. Financial and ownership restructuring are characterized as well. Attention is especially focused on corporate bonds as a tool for ownership restructuring.

The popularity of offset has been increasing rapidly in recent years. Offset agreements usually cover government acquisitions concerning military and major civil procurements (commercial-aircraft, telecommunications and power stations deals). Offset agreements are demanded in case where countries are seeking to squeeze maximum benefits from their investments in high-value areas. Such deals are used by the importing state as a tool for industrial development, domestic employment, financing of payment balances and for implementation of modern technology. After the Berlin Wall felt, many thought that countetrade would disappear from the face of the earth. This has not happened. Instead, the market-place has adapted existing countertrade procedures and introduced innovations to answer the new needs of a changed and changing world.

This article deals with the evaluation of factors that influence taxation remissions and the meaning of long lasting estate remission for a company that is directed to show the influence of a shortening period for leasing remissions, leasing remissions and leasing price of real estate. The result of this evaluation on the defined leasing subject is the direct influence on the leasing operation as flows reduction of negotiated and really paid leasing price and shortening of leasing period.

The aim of this article is to analyse the financing strategies the risk-reducing effects without the insurance policy. The effects of the risk-depreciate is realizing with insurance and deductibles with respect to the firm income. The risk insurance is investigate with different dependence income and loss the firm. The measure of the risk is the standard deviation. By considering the deductibles, we suppose independence commercial income and risk management parts. From a risk-reduction point of view, the deductible depends on the risk-return characteristics of the loss distribution and its correlation with business components of earnings.

The paper measures the tax compliance costs of companies in Croatia for the period 2001/2002. The research was carried out by an interview survey (face to face). Although internal labour time costs are in general predominant, the percentage of non-labour internal costs is also substantial. This suggests that these costs should not be omitted from this type of research. With respect to type of tax VAT is in first place in the structure of tax compliance costs. The percentage of aggregate tax compliance costs in GDP is around 1.2 per cent, which is not extremely high. The same can be said for the percentage of different taxes in the relevant tax revenues.

In recent years a great attention is given to the regional and local development strategies. In this respect clusters have become very popular because they represent efficient structures for stimulating the competitiveness, productivity and innovation level of particular regions. This paper is divided into three parts. The first chapter presents a set of cluster definitions, from which the most popular and the most widely used definition is Porter’s. It continues with describing of cluster advantages and disadvantages and the reasons why and how clusters are created. Each cluster is unique as a result of differences in industrial sectors and branches, numbers and size of firms, the cooperation level and hierarchical networks between these firms. The second part gives a brief overview of cluster classification. What are the driving forces and limitations of cluster development is described in the last chapter. It provides some examples of successful clusters.

This paper deals with the influence of coupon rate and maturity period of coupon obligation on its theoretical price alteration at the variation of interest rate on the capital market. It is proved, that the lower coupon rate is, the more sensitive on the variation of interest rate on the capital market the obligation is. On the other hand, it is shown, that the statement which says that the higher mature period is, the more sensitive on the variation of interest rate on the capital market the obligation is, is not generally valid. In theory, there are some obligations, for which this statement is not valid and there are examples of such obligations in this paper. There is also the condition found, under which the statement is valid. It can be seen, that obligations for which the statement is not valid, can not be found in practice, so it can be used in practical investment.

The work clarifies theoretical bases of the mentioned area learned during the studies of the topic and it analyses existing models, too. It consists of our suggestion of the agent-based model of economy with different types of agents. The created neural networks are used for the agents' decisions. The result of the work is the implementation of agent-based closed economic simulation model. Negotiation techniques serve to satisfy the parties involved by establishing compromises. We can see the problem of behavioural adaptation of an assembly of agents in two different ways: either as an individual characteristic of the agents – and we then talk of learning – or as a collective process bringing reproductive mechanism into play, which w call evolution.